Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación

Factors that influence the success of customer service in pharmacies in Guayaquil

Demi Solange Plaza Fuentes — 2026-07-02

This study analyzes the key factors that influence the success of customer service in pharmacies in Guayaquil, taking into account the current competitive environment and the importance of service quality in fostering customer loyalty. The main objective is to identify and evaluate the factors that influence customer satisfaction, with the aim of proposing strategies to improve the customer shopping experience and strengthen the position of pharmacies in the sector. To this end, a combined methodology was used that integrates quantitative and qualitative techniques. Surveys were conducted with 385 regular customers of pharmacies in Guayaquil, and interviews were held with leaders in the pharmaceutical sector, providing a more comprehensive and detailed perspective on service perception. The findings indicated that logistical efficiency, staff training, and the incorporation of technology for inventory management and customer service are key factors that determine service perception. Furthermore, it was recognized that digitization and engagement on social media play a fundamental role in improving communication and customer engagement. The study concludes that optimizing service in pharmacies requires a comprehensive approach that combines operational, technological, and human talent management strategies. Further research is recommended on service personalization and the sustainability of pharmaceutical management to enhance the sector’s competitiveness.

Exploring English Teachers’ Perceived Preparedness for Pedagogical and Institutional Demands Upon Entry to Public Schools

Maylin Zambrano de la Cruz — 2026-07-02

This study examines English teachers’ perceptions of their preparedness to address pedagogical and institutional demands upon entering the public education system in Ecuador. The study focuses on the discrepancy between initial teacher training and the demands of public-school contexts. It explores teachers’ perceptions of their pedagogical and institutional preparedness and identifies the challenges and gaps experienced during their professional insertion. A qualitative approach was employed within an interpretative paradigm, using semi-structured interviews with three teachers with up to three years of experience in public institutions. Data were analyzed through discourse analysis supported by thematic categorization. Findings indicate that teachers recognize their theoretical training as a foundation; however, they report difficulties in applying this knowledge to real classroom situations, particularly in classroom management, attention to diversity, and contextual adaptation. Additionally, participants report a high administrative workload and challenges related to institutional regulations. The study identifies a gap between teacher education and the demands of public educational contexts, highlighting the need to strengthen practical training, preparation for inclusive education, and teacher induction support.

Sustainability Assessment Using Life Cycle Analysis Applied to the Structural and Aerodynamic Design of a Prototype Vehicle

Juan Manuel Martínez Nogales — 2026-07-02

The automotive industry currently faces the challenge of reducing the environmental impact associated with vehicle manufacturing and operation processes, driving the development of methodologies focused on sustainable design and the optimization of material use. In this context, this study evaluated the environmental performance of the structural and aerodynamic components of a prototype vehicle by applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, using SolidWorks Sustainability as the computational tool. The research was conducted using a “Cradle to Grave” approach, considering the stages of raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, use, and final disposal. Two structural configurations for the main chassis were compared: ASTM A36/A500 structural steel and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Additionally, the environmental impacts generated by the vehicle’s aerodynamic elements were analyzed. The results showed that the use of 6061-T6 aluminum significantly reduced structural weight and lowered energy consumption during the vehicle’s operational phase, contributing positively to the reduction of CO₂ equivalent emissions. Furthermore, the environmental analysis revealed significant differences in indicators related to carbon footprint, atmospheric acidification, and cumulative energy demand.

The Relationship Between Teacher Well-Being and Educational Innovation in the Digital Age: Empirical Evidence from Higher Education at the University of Guayaquil

Maria Isabel Vieyra Villala — 2026-07-02

This article analyzed the relationship between faculty well-being and educational innovation in the digital age within the context of higher education at the University of Guayaquil. The objective was to determine how the use of digital technologies and the development of technological competencies influence faculty workload, stress levels, and emotional well-being, as well as pedagogical innovation. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach was used, with a sample of 60 university faculty members selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that the incorporation of digital technologies has fostered new forms of teaching and promoted educational innovation. However, the findings also indicate that this process has increased the workload and stress levels among a significant portion of the faculty. In this regard, it is concluded that faculty well-being is a key element for digital innovation in higher education to be sustainable and truly effective.

A systematic Review of Mathematical Communication in Secondary and University Students

Sussy de los Rios Botteri — 2026-07-07

Mathematical communication is an important tool in the process of teaching and learning mathematics, as it promotes conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and problem-solving; however, there are gaps that hinder its promotion in secondary and higher education. The objective of this study was to identify effective strategies for promoting mathematical communication through a systematic review. A search for articles was conducted in the Scopus scientific database, following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Studies evaluated using the MMAT tool were analyzed, and studies published between 2019 and 2025 that met the established inclusion criteria were considered. Of the 75 articles identified, 41 were included. The findings highlight the effectiveness of collaborative strategies, educational technology, and reflective mathematical writing. However, limitations were identified regarding the duration of the studies, sample sizes, and the geographical concentration in Asia. It is concluded that mathematical communication is a fundamental tool in mathematics learning, the effectiveness of which depends on pedagogical, technological, and contextual factors; therefore, longitudinal, comparative, and cross-cultural studies are recommended. It is recommended to strengthen teacher training and implement multimodal approaches to optimize educational outcomes.